Дополнительная информация: "TURMI, ETHIOPIA - DECEMBER 18: beautiful hamer tribe woman smiling portrait, omo valley, ethiopia on December 18, 2008 in Turmi, Ethiopia. The Hamar (or Hamer) is a tribe with a total population of about over 35,000, which lives in a fertile part of the Omo River valley, in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region (SNNPR). They are largely pastoralists, and place a high value on cattle. There have at least 27 words for the subtle variations of colours and textures of a cattle! Each man has three names: a human, a goat and a cow name.?Honey collection is their major activity.They are semi nomadic and migrate to find pastures for their goats. Hamer society consists of a complex system of age groups. To pass from one age group to another involves complicated rituals.The bull-jumping is the most significant ceremony, the final test before passing into adulthood and in order to get married. The teen must jump naked over a number of bulls without falling.That is why we can mention it as cow jumping or bull leaping. If he is able to complete this task, he will become a man and be able to marry a woman. The Hamar have at times spectacular haidresses. Men use a wooden head rest which prevents the hair from touching the ground, also useful as a seat. The most famous women hair style is when their hair is in short and fat tufts rolled in ochre or in long coloured twisted strands called ""goscha"". It's a sign of health and welfare. They also wear bead necklaces, iron bracelets around their arms, and decorate their breast with lots of cowry shells, like a natural bra. Around married women's necks, you can see ""esente"": torques made of iron wrapped in leather. These are engagement presentsthey are worn for life and indicate their husband's wealth. One of the necklaces catch more especially the attention: it is called the ""bignere"". It has a phallic-shape end. This jewelry can only be worn by a man's first wife.?Her statut is the higher one in Hamer society. The Hamar women who are not first wife have a really hard life and they are more slaves than wives. A cruel tradition still has currency: unmarried women can have babies to test their fertility, but some of them are just abandonned in the bush. This tradition tends to disapear but NGO still save abandonned new borns. Hamar believe, as in other Ethiopan tribes, that a child born out of formal marriages has ""mingi"", something abnormal and unclean. It is the expression of the devil, and may cause disasters such as epidemics or drought in the village."
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