Дополнительная информация: TURMI, ETHIOPIA - AUGUST 21: hamer woman portrait celebrating bull jumping ceremony, omo valley, ethiopia, the bull-jumping ceremony is the most significant and spectacular ritual allowing the Hamer tribe men to pass into adulthood on August 21, 2011 in Turmi, Ethiopia. Hamer, Bana, and Karo tribes consist of a complex system of age groups. To pass from one age group to another involves complicated rituals. The most significant ceremony for young men is the bull-leaping ceremony, the final test before passing into adulthood and in order to get married. Totally committed to their initiated sons, the mothers are whipped to blood, in order to prove their courage and accompany their sons during the test. The more abundant and extensive the initiate’s scars are, the deeper the girls' affection to the boy who is about to become a man is. The boy must jump naked over a number of bulls without falling. If he is able to complete this task, he will become a man and be able to marry a woman. Cows are lined up in a row. The initiate, naked (as a symbol of the childhood), has to leap on the back of the first cow, then from one bull to another, until he finally reaches the end of the row. He must not fall of the row and must repeat successfully the test four times to have the right to become a husband. Any boy who fails to complete his four runs, however, will be publicly humiliated: he will be whipped by his female relatives in the middle of the initiation ground and thereafter, for the rest of his life, he will be teased, insulted and beaten by both men and women. Understandably, few novices allow themselves to fail in this way. While the boys walk on cows, women accompany him: they jump and sing. The ceremonies end with several days of feasting, including the typical jumping dances, accompanied by as much sorghum beer as the bull-jumper's family can provide to the visitor.
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